1. Germany
   Romania
2. Italy
   Greece

In 1949 after the end of the Second World War, Germany was split into two separate states known as West Germany and East Germany. The country was finally reunified on Oct. 3, 1990.

1. Netherlands
   Vatican City
2. France
   Andorra

France is ranked first in the entire world in terms of the number of annual tourists. Approximately 83 million foreign tourists visit France annually.

1. Switzerland
   Belgium
2. Norway
   Slovenia

In 1918, the area that is now known as Slovenia became a part of Yugoslavia. It gained independence in 1991 and went on to join the European Union in 2004.

1. Belarus
   Serbia
2. Malta
   Ukraine

Malta’s name is ultimately derived from the Greek for “honey.” The island country has an endemic species of bees and produces a distinct variety of honey.

1. Lithuania
   Spain
2. Slovakia
   Montenegro

In terms of area, Spain ranks as the fourth largest country on the European continent. Spain shares a border with the African country of Morocco, making it the only European country to share a border with Africa.

1. Luxembourg
   Monaco
2. Ireland
   Georgia

Georgia is described as transcontinental because it is located in both Europe and Asia. It is one of 5 European states to do so, with the others being Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Turkey.

1. Austria
   Macedonia
2. Denmark
   Poland

Macedonia is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe. The country was formerly a part of Yugoslavia, gaining independence in 1991.

1. Moldova
   Azerbaijan
2. Latvia
   United Kingdom

Moldova is said to have been named after a river which, in turn, is named after a dog. The dog, belonging to Prince Dragos, drowned in the river after an exhausting hunt with his master.

1. Iceland
   Albania
2. Hungary
   Kazakhstan

Albania’s economy is described as upper-middle income. The citizens of Albania enjoy universal health care plus free education at the primary and secondary levels.

1. Turkey
   Bulgaria
2. Belgium
   Monaco

With an area of 2 square kilometers, Monaco is the second smallest country in the world, with only Vatican City being smaller than it. It has been said that approximately 30% of the country’s population are millionaires or billionaires.

1. United Kingdom
   Sweden
2. Croatia
   Russia

Sweden is one of the Nordic countries, along with Denmark, Norway, Finland and Iceland. Of these, Sweden, Denmark and Norway are also considered to be Scandinavian countries, with Finland and Iceland included only occasionally.

1. Luxembourg
   Estonia
2. Andorra
   Finland

Luxembourg is one of Europe’s smallest countries, in terms of area. It is roughly the same size as Rhode Island (the smallest of the U.S. states).

1. Switzerland
   Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Cyprus
   Azerbaijan

The term “armed neutrality” is often used in reference to Switzerland. That means the country, traditionally, does not take sides in a war but makes it clear it is prepared to defend itself if attacked.

1. Denmark
   Austria
2. Iceland
   Netherlands

Austria is one of the eight Alpine countries (that is, countries through which The Alps Mountains run). Roughly three-quarters of Austria has a mountainous terrain.

1. Portugal
   Slovakia
2. Montenegro
   Norway

Montenegro was once a part of Yugoslavia. Following a break from Yugoslavia, the country joined with Serbia to become formally known as “Serbia and Montenegro.” Montenegro became an independent state in 2006.

1. Finland
   Armenia
2. Ukraine
   Greece

The official name of Greece is the Hellenic Republic. The majority of the country is mountainous. Mount Olympus, the mythical home of the Greek gods, is the highest mountain in the country.

1. Latvia
   Bulgaria
2. Turkey
   Czech Republic

Turkey is one of five transcontinental countries in Europe. Approximately 97% of Turkey is in the geographical area called Asia Minor, while the other 3% lies in the region known as the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

1. Finland
   Hungary
2. Serbia
   Liechtenstein

Finland has, in the past, been a part of Sweden and later a part of Russia. The country gained full independence from Russia in 1917.

1. Albania
   Kazakhstan
2. Germany
   Netherlands

The Netherlands, also known as Holland, is a part of The Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Kingdom also contains three tiny Caribbean island-countries: Aruba, Curacao and Sint Maarten.

1. Hungary
   Vatican City
2. Denmark
   Monaco

Hungary has the largest lake found in Central Europe - Lake Balaton. The country also holds the largest thermal water cave system in the world, as well as the world’s second largest thermal lake - Lake Hévíz.

1. Armenia
   Bulgaria
2. Croatia
   Ukraine

Although Ukraine (previously referred to as The Ukraine) has proclaimed itself to be a neutral state, it has the second-largest military of any European country. Only Russia’s is bigger.

1. San Marino
   Azerbaijan
2. Czech Republic
   Italy

Azerbaijan is located in both Asia and Europe and is one of the 5 transcontinental countries identified as European. In 1918, when Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence, it became the first democratic Muslim-oriented state in the world to do so.

1. Portugal
   Slovakia
2. Lithuania
   Norway

Norway is one of the three Scandinavian countries, with Sweden and Denmark being the other two. The country ranks consistently high on the United Nations’ World Happiness Report and in 2017 was declared the happiest country in the world.

1. San Marino
   Moldova
2. Estonia
   United Kingdom

In 2005, Estonia became the first country to hold elections via the Internet. In a further technological first, Estonia has been offering virtual residency (also called E-residency) to non-Estonians since 2014.

1. Poland
   Monaco
2. Serbia
   Liechtenstein

The Tatra Mountains form a natural border between Poland and Slovakia. Within the Polish Tatras, there are 70 mountains reaching over 6,600 feet in elevation.

1. Georgia
   Vatican City
2. Iceland
   Sweden

Iceland is one of the Nordic countries and sometimes is considered among the Scandinavian nations, as well. Iceland is the only member of NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) without a standing army (armed forces).

1. Bosnia and Herzegovina
   Montenegro
2. England
   Macedonia

England is one of four member states that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island.

1. Malta
   Belarus
2. Ukraine
   Armenia

Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. This mostly flat country contains thousands of lakes, streams and marshes.

1. Greece
   Lithuania
2. Andorra
   Norway

Lithuania is one of the three Baltic states. The other two are Latvia and Estonia. In 1991, one year before the Soviet Union was officially dissolved, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet Republics to declare independence.

1. Cyprus
   Slovenia
2. Portugal
   Luxembourg

Portugal is one of the few European countries which shares a land border with just one other country. In the case of Portugal, its only neighbor is Spain.

1. Italy
   France
2. Switzerland
   Romania

Located on the shores of the Black Sea, Romania is the site of the Danube Delta. This is where Europe’s second largest river, the Danube, empties into the Black Sea after passing through ten countries.

1. Germany
   Spain
2. Ireland
   Croatia

The Republic of Ireland shares the island of Ireland with Northern Ireland, which is a part of the UK. When it was first created, the Republic of Ireland was known as the Irish Free State.

1. Finland
   Kazakhstan
2. Albania
   Andorra

This landlocked microstate is the sixth smallest country in Europe. At an elevation of 3,356 feet above sea level, its capital Andorra la Vella is the highest capital city on the continent.

1. Sweden
   Belgium
2. Iceland
   Latvia

Belgium is one of the three neighboring countries in the politico-economic union known as Benelux. The word is made by a combination of their initial letters. The three counties are Belgium (Be), Netherlands (ne) and Luxembourg (lux).

1. Poland
   Turkey
2. Malta
   Russia

In terms of area, Russia is the world’s largest country, accounting for one-eighth of the all the inhabited land on Earth. It takes in all of Northern Asia and a sizeable portion of Eastern Europe while cutting across 11 time zones.

1. Czech Republic
   Ireland
2. Spain
   Austria

Also known as Czechia, the Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The 1919 Treaty of Versailles, however, grants the Czech Republic a 7-arce lot in the Hamburg docks (Germany) for use as a seaport.

1. Romania
   Hungary
2. Liechtenstein
   Georgia

The microstate of Liechtenstein is described as “doubly landlocked.” That’s because it’s bordered all around by countries (Switzerland and Austria) which are themselves landlocked by other countries.

1. San Marino
   Slovenia
2. Belarus
   Netherlands

The microstate of San Marino is described as an enclaved state. That means it is completely surrounded by one other country (Italy). Vatican City is also enclaved by Italy just as Lesotho is by South Africa.

1. France
   Azerbaijan
2. Bosnia and Herzegovina
   Moldova

Bosnia and Herzegovina is landlocked except for a 12-mile-long stretch of land on the Adriatic Sea coastline. The town of Neum is situated there as the country’s sole access to the sea.

1. Belgium
   Armenia
2. Poland
   Austria

Geographically, Armenia is a part of the Asian continent. Politically, however, it is considered to be a European country. The same facts apply to the island-country of Cyprus.

1. Lithuania
   Greece
2. Slovenia
   Italy

Italy enclaves (surrounds completely) the countries of San Marino and Vatican City. In turn, Campione d'Italia, which is a part of Italy, is described as an Italian exclave, since it is completely surrounded by Switzerland.

1. Ireland
   San Marino
2. Latvia
   Sweden

Although Latvia has been an independent country since 1991, it has in the past undergone Swedish, Livonian, Polish and Russian rule. The country was also invaded and occupied by Germany during World War II.

1. Belarus
   Moldova
2. Turkey
   Serbia

Serbia became an independent republic on June 5, 2006. The country has a neutral military stance.

1. Spain
   Cyprus
2. Czech Republic
   Switzerland

Cyprus, like Armenia, is geographically an Asian country but politically a part of Europe. Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean, as well as the third most populous.

1. Kazakhstan
   Montenegro
2. Romania
   Malta

Kazakhstan is one of the five transcontinental countries in Europe. It is the ninth largest country in the world and the largest landlocked country, as well.

1. Macedonia
   Vatican City
2. Cyprus
   Bosnia and Herzegovina

Vatican City is a country which is completely contained with the city of Rome, Italy. It is the world’s smallest country in terms of area and population.

1. Bulgaria
   Albania
2. Liechtenstein
   Germany

Bulgaria shares borders with five other countries. They are Romania, Serbia, Macedonia, Greece and Turkey. Bulgaria also has a coastline on the Black Sea.

1. Georgia
   Slovakia
2. Russia
   Estonia

The “Velvet Divorce” is used to describe the separation of Slovakia and the Czech Republic. It took effect on Jan. 1, 1993.

1. Luxembourg
   Portugal
2. Croatia
   France

Croatia borders the Adriatic Sea. The part of the sea belonging to the country contains over 700 islands of which about 47 are inhabited.